Withdrawal and Retraction Policy

Authors may withdraw a manuscript before peer review without penalty. Once under review, withdrawal must be requested with written justification. Manuscripts may be retracted post-publication under circumstances such as:

- Proven research misconduct (e.g., data manipulation or ethical breaches)

- Duplicate publication

- Honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental flaw)

- Legal or copyright issues

Retractions will be clearly marked and remain in the public domain with an explanation. Errata or corrigenda may be issued for minor corrections that do not compromise the scientific integrity of the paper.